Does Anyone Really Believe 0.5% Rate Hikes Will Curb U.S. Inflation?
2022.05.26 16:35
0.5% rate hikes in June and July are likely settled. However, with inflation at 8%+, calming prices with such little action is completely unrealistic.
While investors continue their countdown until the Fed pivots and resumes QE, in some alternative reality, it’s perceived as bullish for risk assets. Sure, the short-term sugar high of more free money should uplift sentiment. However, I’ve noted on numerous occasions that the long-term consequences would be dire.
Thus, while investors await a superhero that’s unlikely to arrive, the ramifications of unanchored inflation should prove troublesome over the medium term. To explain, the FOMC released the minutes from its May 3-4 monetary policy meeting on May 25. The report revealed:
“Participants judged that it was important to move expeditiously to a more neutral monetary policy stance. They also noted that a restrictive stance of policy may well become appropriate depending on the evolving economic outlook and the risks to the outlook.”
In addition:
“Participants observed that inflation continued to run well above the Committee’s longer-run goal and that inflation pressures were evident in a broad array of goods and services. Various participants remarked on the hardship caused by elevated inflation and heightened inflation uncertainty – including eroding American families’ real incomes and wealth and making it more difficult for businesses to make production and investment plans. They also pointed out that high inflation could impede the achievement of maximum employment on a sustained basis.”
As a result, 50 basis point rate hikes are now the consensus for “the next couple of meetings.”
Please see below:
U.S. Fed Update
Likewise, Fed Vice Chair Lael Brainard conveyed a similar message on May 25. She said:
Reuters Update
However, it’s important to remember that Fed officials’ primary objective is to calm inflation. They don’t want to crash the stock, bond, or commodities markets; the latter outcomes are simply collateral damage of what must be done to curb the pricing pressures. To explain, I wrote on Dec. 23:
Thus, the Fed’s hawkish crusade has always been dependent on the path of inflation. Therefore, if inflation fades into the night, officials can turn dovish, and the bull market can resume on Wall Street. To that point, the FOMC minutes also stated:
“Most participants indicated that their business contacts had continued to report that substantial increases in wages and input prices were being passed through into higher prices to their customers. A few participants added that some of their contacts were starting to report that higher prices were hurting sales.
“A number of participants observed that recent monthly data might suggest that overall price pressures may no longer be worsening. These participants also emphasized that price pressures remained elevated and that it was too early to be confident that inflation had peaked.”
As a result, while it’s “too early to be confident,” Fed officials, like investors, continue to search for signs of positive momentum. Moreover, Atlanta Fed President Raphael Bostic said on May 23 that he supports 50 basis point rate hikes in June and July.
“I’m at 50 basis points as long as the economy proceeds as I think it’s going to,” said Bostic. “If inflation starts moving in a different direction than it is right now, I’d have to be open to us moving more aggressively….
“It’s hard to know exactly how far or how hard we are going to push. But I think getting us somewhere in the 2% to 2.5% range by year’s end would be a good place for us to get to.”
However, he also opined that a wait-and-see approach could prove prudent in the months that follow.
Please see below:
Bloomberg Update
Thus, Fed officials are open to pausing their rate hike cycle. For context, Bostic’s expectation of a U.S. federal funds rate “somewhere in the 2% to 2.5% range by year’s end” still implies eight to 10 rate hikes in 2022. Therefore, it’s not dovish.
However, while investors will applaud Fed officials’ willingness to “observe and adapt,” nothing has changed. It was always about inflation, and it’s still about inflation.
For example, Fed officials were split about one rate hike when they made their projections in September. Moreover, in the months before that, they expected to taper their asset purchases in late 2022 and raise interest rates in late 2023. As a result, their read on inflation shouldn’t instill much confidence.
For context, I wrote on Nov. 4:
Therefore, while the potential for three-straight 50 basis point rate hikes is profoundly hawkish, the Fed still underestimates the challenges that lie ahead. For example, S&P Global released its U.S. Composite PMI on May 24. I noted on May 25:
S&P Global Update
And:
S&P Global Update
Second, the Richmond Fed released its Fifth District Survey of Manufacturing Activity on May 24. The headline index declined from 14 in April to −9 in May, which is bearish for Fed policy. However, the report also revealed that
“The average growth rate of prices paid increased notably in May. Firms also reported higher average growth in prices received in May.”
On top of that: “The wage index also remained elevated, indicating that a large share of firms continue to report increasing wages.”
Please see below:
Price Trends & Wages Chart
Likewise, the Richmond Fed also released its Fifth District Survey of Service Sector Activity on May 24. The headline index decreased from 24 in April to 10 in May. However, while the wage index declined, the price indexes remained materially elevated.
Please see below:
Price Trends & Wages Chart
In addition, the U.S. Census Bureau released its residential home sales report on May 24. Moreover, while sales of new single‐family houses declined by 16.6% month-over-month (MoM) in April, the average and median selling prices hit new all-time highs.
Please see below:
US Residential Home Sales Price
Also, despite three rate hikes by the Fed, are these the kind of headlines that you see when inflation has calmed down?
The Wall Street Journal Tweet
Finally, Bain semiconductor analyst Peter Hanbury told CNBC on May 24 that the world’s largest foundries — including Taiwan Semiconductor (NYSE:TSM), Samsung (OTC:SSNLF) and Intel (NASDAQ:INTC) — are considering further price hikes. He said:
“Foundries have already increased prices 10%-20% in the past year. We expect a further round of price increases this year, but smaller (i.e. 5%-7%).”
He added:
“The chemicals used in [chip] manufacturing have increased 10%-20%. Similarly, the labor required to build new semiconductor facilities has also seen shortages and increased wage rates.”
As a result, PCs, cars, toys, consumer electronics, appliances, and many other products could sell at higher price points in the near future.
Please see below:
CNBC Update
The bottom line? While 50 basis point rate hikes are likely done deals in June and July, a realization will only put the U.S. federal funds rate at 1.83%. With annualized inflation at 8%+, calming the price pressures with such little action is completely unrealistic. In fact, it’s never happened.
If you analyze the chart below, you can see that the U.S. federal funds rate (the green line) nearly always rises above the year-over-year (YoY) percentage change in the headline Consumer Price Index (the red line) to curb inflation. Therefore, investors are kidding themselves if they think the Fed is about to re-write history.
Consumer Price Index & Fed Funds Effective Rate
In conclusion, the PMs declined on May 25, and the GDXJ ETF gave back some of its recent gains. However, the short-term uptrend remains intact, and the rally should continue in the coming days. Conversely, with investors still underestimating the severity of the Fed’s inflation problem, more reality checks should emerge over the next few months. As a result, the PMs’ recent optimism should reverse sharply over the medium term (perhaps quite soon).
