Global physical oil market weakens as recession jitters mount
2022.08.10 21:45
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FILE PHOTO: Traders work in the oil options pit of the New York Mercantile Exchange March 11, 2008. REUTERS/Chip East (UNITED STATES)
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By Arathy Somasekhar, Noah Browning and Alex Lawler
HOUSTON/LONDON (Reuters) – Physical oil prices around the world have begun to sag alongside futures, reflecting less alarm over Russian-led supply disruptions along with heightened worries about a possible global economic slowdown.
“The market is very bearish at this moment. No one is in a hurry to buy,” a Singapore-based trader said.
Lower-than-usual U.S. gasoline demand during peak summer driving season and contracting factory activity in China indicate that high prices cut consumption in the world’s top oil consumers, analysts and traders said. That is a stark contrast from last month, when physical market activity suggested buyers were more worried about securing supplies.
The market for prompt oil supplies has slowed, traders told Reuters, with offers slumping for West African, North Sea, Mediterranean and Middle East crudes.
Prices rose in the spring on fears Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and Western sanctions would take millions of barrels off the market. That has not occurred, as Russian crude shipments are slightly above levels seen prior to the February invasion.
“The market is coming off hard,” one physical crude trader said.
In West Africa, crude prices have dropped since hitting all-time highs in July. Offers for light, sweet Nigerian oil slipped $1.50 a barrel and comparable Ghanaian crude by up to $5 a barrel as European buying eased and refining margins dipped.
Spot premiums for Oman crude hit their lowest level in over a month and Dubai is at its lowest since late May. North Sea Forties also plumbed depths last seen in nearly three months while Azeri BTC crude oil hit levels not seen since the end of last year.
Chinese state refiners and South Korean refiners may buy as prices become attractive, but weak margins on lower demand has reduced their purchasing power.
In Asia, spot premiums for U.S. grades have halved with WTI Midland now trading around $7-$8 per barrel over Dubai. Cheaper U.S. grades are pressuring locally preferred crudes with Murban trading about $7.80 above Dubai quotes compared to $12 above last month.
DIESEL DEMAND
There are still some scattered indications of strong demand. Refining margins for distillates worldwide remain relatively robust, and there has been eager demand for discounted Russian oil in some Asian markets.
Russian exports as of Aug. 9 were 400,000 barrels per day, more than immediately before its Feb. 24 invasion of Ukraine, according to J.P. Morgan data.
“Russian supplies are going to stay around for at least the near future, and the idea of a price super-cycle is now very unlikely,” said a second physical crude trader.
Crude futures hit $140 in March but have retreated well below $100 a barrel with U.S. futures around $92 and Brent around $97.
U.S. gasoline demand is about 5% lower on a four-week average since summer driving season began, based on data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA).
Backwardation – the premium at which futures are traded in later months – for both Brent and U.S. oil has dropped from record highs in March to its narrowest since April. That implies prompt supply is less tight.
The Brent crude six-month spread has narrowed to $5.27 a barrel, its lowest since April.
(Graphic: Brent futures curve flattens as supply worries cool, https://graphics.reuters.com/OIL-OUTLOOK/lbvgnalrxpq/chart.png)
“The super-backwardation is disappearing before our eyes here,” said Robert Yawger, director of energy futures at Mizuho Securities.
Traders who employ spread-trading strategies have been selling spreads and flattening the forward price curve, said Clay Seigle, director of global oil at Rapidan Energy Group.
“Two things have changed since backwardation was at its steepest: fears that Russian oil would disappear quickly have eased, and confidence about the strength of the global economy has slumped,” Seigle added.
Storage has built at the main U.S. crude oil hub for six straight weeks after touching multi-year lows last month.
