Brazil top court expected to reject limit on Indigenous land claims

By Anthony Boadle

BRASILIA (Reuters) – Brazil’s Supreme Court is expected to rule next week against attempts by the country’s powerful farm lobby to limit land claims by Indigenous peoples to areas they occupied before 1988.

Lawyers and Indigenous rights advocates believe a majority of the nine-member court will vote by Wednesday to reject the date restriction on the grounds it is unconstitutional. The vote count is currently 4-2 against the proposal.

“At least two more justices are expected to vote against it next week,” said Juliana de Paula, a lawyer for the Socio-Environmental Institute ISA, a nonprofit organization that defends Indigenous interests.

Congress has pushed ahead with bills allowing Indigenous reservations only on land that was occupied by native communities when Brazil passed its Constitution in 1988.

Brazilian farm interests want to establish the cut-off date to secure non-Indigenous farmers’ claim to lands they have settled in Brazil’s expanding agricultural frontier.

The case before the court stems from a dispute in Santa Catarina state where the government rejected a land claim by the Xokleng people who were evicted by tobacco farmers from what once was their ancestral land. The government argued that they were not living on the disputed area in 1988.

Indigenous leaders say the Supreme Court decision is crucial for the resolution of some 300 pending land recognition claims that would protect their communities from land-grabbers and invasions by illegal loggers and wildcat gold miners.

“Rejection of the time framework is a given. The debate will now revolve around compensation for farmers who lose land they settled,” said Maria Paula Fernandez, a spokesperson for APIB, the largest Indigenous umbrella organization.

Brazil has 1.6 million Indigenous people according to the latest census, half of whom live on ancestral lands, mainly in the Amazon (NASDAQ:) but also in farm states.

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